Name : Aswin Rizal Asssegaf
NIM : 2211412033
Rombel : 207
Translation Assignment 5
Definition of Translation Based on Experts
Translation According to Larson (1984: 15)
According to Larson, translation is classified into two main types:
1. Form-based
translation
2. Meaning-based
translation.
Forms-based translation
attempts to follow the form of the source language (SL) and it is known as
literal translation, while meaning-based translation makes every effort to
communicate the meaning of the SL text in the natural forms of the receptor
language. Such translation is called idiomatic translation.
Translation According to Catford (1978: 21)
Catford divides the three
aspects of translation differently, they are: extent, level, and ranks.
1. The Extent
Based on the extent, the
types of translation are:
1. Full translation, it is
a type of translation in which the entire SL text is reproduced by the TL text
materials.
2. Partial translation,
there are only some parts of the SL text to be translated into the TL text.
2. Level
In terms of level, the types of translation are:
1. Total translation, the
TL material replaces all levels of the SL text.
2. Restricted translation,
it is the replacement of SL textual material with equivalent TL material at
only one level; whether at the phonological level, graphological level, or at
the level of grammar and lexis.
3. Rank
In terms of rank, translation is divided into:
1. Rank-bound translation,
it means that the selection of TL text equivalent is limited at only one rank,
such as word-for-word equivalence, morpheme-for-morpheme equivalence,
etc.
2. Unbounded translation,
it can move freely up and down the rank-scale.
Translation According to Brislin in Choliludin (2007: 26-30)
Based on the purposes
of translation, Brislin
in Choliludin (2007: 26-30) categorizes translation into four types, namely:
1. Pragmatic translation, it refers to the translation of a message with
an interest in accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in the
SL form and it is not conveyed with other aspects of the original language
version. Example: the translation of the information how to use something in
the product.
2. Aesthetic-poetic
translation, it refers to
translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and
feeling of an original version, the aesthetic form used by the original author,
as well as any information in the message. Example: the translation of sonnet,
rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.
3. Ethnographic
translation, its purpose is to
explicate the cultural context of the SL and TL versions. Translators have to
be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how the word fits into
cultures. Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.
4. Linguistic translation, it is
concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent morphemes of the SL and
grammatical form. Example: language in a computer program and translation
machine.
Translation According to Jacobson in Leonardi (2000)
On Linguistic Aspect of
Translation, Jacobson in Leonardi (2000) identifies
three kinds of translation:
1. Intralingual translation (monolingual translation)
2. Interlingual translation (bilingual or multilingual
translation)
3. Intersemiotic translation (verbal sign into
non-verbal sign).
